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阿里妹导读
本文通过实际案例挖掘编码中遇到的循环依赖问题。
一、问题简述
// 在离线打标服务类中注入审批服务,在“申请打标”时调用public class PortraitOfflineLabelingServiceImpl implements PortraitOfflineLabelingService {private AuditService auditService;/** 申请打标 */Boolean applyOdpsOfflineLabeling(Request request);/** 执行打标 */Boolean executeOdpsOfflineLabeling(Request request);}// 审批服务类,定义了操作类型-审批回调服务的map映射(rollbackFor = Throwable.class)public class AuditServiceImpl implements AuditService,ApplicationContextAware,InitializingBean {private Map<EntityOperation<?>, AuditCallback> auditCallbackMap = new HashMap<>();public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {Map<EntityOperation<?>, AuditCallback> auditCallbackMap = new HashMap<>();Collection<AuditCallback> beans = applicationContext.getBeansOfType(AuditCallback.class).values();beans.forEach(auditCallback -> auditCallback.supportBizOperations().forEach(item -> auditCallbackMap.put(item, auditCallback)));this.auditCallbackMap = auditCallbackMap;}}// 在离线打标审批回调类中注入离线打标服务类,用于调用“执行打标”的服务public class OdpsOfflineLabelingCallback implements AuditCallback {private PortraitOfflineLabelingService offlineLabelingService;public List<EntityOperation<?>> supportBizOperations() {return Lists.newArrayList(OdpsOfflineLabelingOperation.CREATE_ODPS_OFFLINE_LABELING_INFO);}}
二、为什么会出现循环依赖报错?
2.1. Spring Bean加载过程
singletonObjects: 一级缓存,保存实例化&属性注入&初始化完成的bean实例。数据结构是bean名称->bean实例的映射。
earlySingletonObjects: 二级缓存,用于保存实例化完成,但为属性注入和初始化完成的bean实例。数据结构是bean名称->bean实例的映射。
singletonFactories: 三级缓存,用于保存bean创建工厂,以便于后面扩展有机会创建代理对象并放入二级缓存。数据结构是bean名称->bean创建工厂的映射。
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {// 尝试从一级缓存中获取已经初始化完成的bean实例(完全装载好的bean)Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);// 如果一级缓存中没有该实例if (singletonObject == null && this.isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {// 跑去二级缓存中获取创建中的实例singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);// 如果二级缓存中也没有该实例if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {// 加锁synchronized(this.singletonObjects) {// 二次判断一级缓存和二级缓存中是否存在该实例(加锁时间差)singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null) {singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null) {// 还是没有取到实例,尝试从三级缓存中获取创建该实例的工厂ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = (ObjectFactory)this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);if (singletonFactory != null) {// 通过工厂获取该实例的单例singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();// 将获取的bean从三级缓存中移除,并且升级到二级缓存中this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);}}}}}}// 返回获取的单例beanreturn singletonObject;}
createBeanInstance: 实例化Bean,获得未被填充属性的原始Bean。
populateBean: 如果Bean有需要注入的属性,则进行属性填充,前提是需要填充的属性已经存在于Spring容器中,否则会先加载该属性再进行填充。如果有循环依赖,问题就是在这个过程中发生的。
initializeBean: 执行bean的初始化过程,包括执行前置方法->执行初始化->执行后置方法。
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args)throws BeanCreationException {// 1.实例化bean// 封装被创建的Bean对象BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;if (mbd.isSingleton()) {instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);}if (instanceWrapper == null) {instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);}// 获取实例化对象的类型Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();if (beanType != NullBean.class) {mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;}// 调用PostProcessor后置处理器对bean进行一些操作synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {if (!mbd.postProcessed) {try {applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);}mbd.postProcessed = true;}}// 当允许提前暴露时,将实例化好的bean放进singletonFactories三级缓存,用来解决循环依赖导致的问题。boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));if (earlySingletonExposure) {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");}addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));}Object exposedObject = bean;try {// 2.开始填充bean属性(依赖注入)populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);// 3.执行初始化方法(包括前后置的处理器)exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);}catch (Throwable ex) {if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {throw (BeanCreationException) ex;}else {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);}}// 当通过提早暴露解决循环依赖问题时,需要进行单例校验;这里也是本次报错的地方,后面会讲到为啥报错。if (earlySingletonExposure) {Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);if (earlySingletonReference != null) {if (exposedObject == bean) {exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;}else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);}}if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +"'getBeanNamesForType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");}}}}try {registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);}catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);}return exposedObject;}
2.2. 循环依赖情况下bean的加载过程
2.3. Spring三级缓存没有解决本次报错的原因
三、怎么解决本次报错
3.1. 从根源解决-去除循环依赖
// 拆分申请打标和执行打标到两个服务中,打破循环依赖public class PortraitApplyOfflineLabelingServiceImpl implements PortraitApplyOfflineLabelingService {private AuditService auditService;/** 申请打标 */Boolean applyOdpsOfflineLabeling(Request request);}public class PortraitExecuteOfflineLabelingServiceImpl implements PortraitExecuteOfflineLabelingService {/** 执行打标 */Boolean executeOdpsOfflineLabeling(Request request);}
3.2. @Lazy
public class OdpsOfflineLabelingCallback implements AuditCallback {// 在属性注入的时候增加懒加载的注解private PortraitOfflineLabelingService offlineLabelingService;public List<EntityOperation<?>> supportBizOperations() {return Lists.newArrayList(OdpsOfflineLabelingOperation.CREATE_ODPS_OFFLINE_LABELING_INFO);}}
阿里云开发者社区,千万开发者的选择
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